Finance, Banking and Insurance 1

HIGHER SECONDARY CERTIFICATE 2028 Business Studies Group • English Version • Dhaka Education Board Finance, Banking and Insurance First Paper Subject Code 292 Complete Chapter Notes Full syllabus • Labelled diagrams • Board style questions Prepared by Md Ahbab Hamid Khan ahbab.tech November 7, 2026

HSC 2028 • Finance, Banking and Insurance First Paper • Code 292 1 Contents How this paper is examined 2 1 Introduction to Finance 6 1.1 What this chapter is about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2 Key terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 What finance really means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4 How the idea of finance grew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5 The nature of finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.6 The types of finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.7 Public finance: aims and sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.8 Business finance and the form of the business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.9 The functions of finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.10 The three financial decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.11 Finance and the macro economy . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HSC 2028 • Finance, Banking and Insurance First Paper • Code 292 2 2.12 The laws behind the market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.13 The stock exchanges and the depository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.14 The papers a company needs before it can sell securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.15 Ways of raising capital from the market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.16 The helpers of the market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.17 Investor protection and insider trading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.18 Comparison tables you can copy in the exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.19 Real examples you can reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.20 Board exam traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.21 Cheat sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.22 Practice set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.23 Sources . . . .