Business Organization and Management 1

HIGHER SECONDARY CERTIFICATE 2028 Business Studies Group • English Version • Dhaka Education Board Business Organization and Management First Paper Subject Code 277 Complete Chapter Notes Full syllabus • Labelled diagrams • Board style questions Prepared by Md Ahbab Hamid Khan ahbab.tech November 7, 2026

HSC 2028 • Business Organization and Management First Paper • Code 277 1 Contents How this paper is examined 2 1 Fundamental Concepts of Business 6 1.1 What this chapter is about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2 Key terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 What business means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 Profit, risk and reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.5 Features of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.6 Objectives of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.7 The scope of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.8 Industry and its kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.9 Commerce, trade and the aids to trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.10 Foreign trade, import, export and re-export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.11 Utility and how business creates it . . .

HSC 2028 • Business Organization and Management First Paper • Code 277 2 2.14 International environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.15 Competition and other market forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.16 Effect of the environment on business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.17 Spot the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.18 Business environment of Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.19 Problems of improving the business environment of Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.20 Ways to improve the business environment of Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.21 Real examples you can reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.22 Board exam traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.23 Cheat sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.24 Practice set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.25 Sources . . . . .